Conjunction

A Conjunction is a word used for joining together words or sentences; as,

1. Nikhat and Farhat are real sisters. (The conjunction “and” joins two Words, “Nikhat” and “Farhat”).
2. She is poor but she does not steal. (The Conjunction “but “ joins Two sentences).

Classes Of Conjunction

Conjunctions are subdivided into two main classed:-

1. The Co-ordination Conjunction:- They join Clauses of equal rank; as,

 

 

1. He is a doctor and his father is a lawyer.

 

These Conjunction May be:-

Cumulative:- (as; and, also, too, as well as, etc).

Alternative :- (as; or, else, otherwise).

Adversative :- (but, yet, still, only, etc.)

Or Illative :- (as; for, then, so, therefore).

2. The Subordinating Conjunction.:- They join a Clause To another on which it depends for its full meaning; as,

1. Wait here till I return.

These show:-

Time:- (before, after, till, until, etc).

Cause or Reason:- (since, as, because)

Condition:- (if, unless, provided, etc)

Comparison:- (as….as, as much, no less than)

Concession Or Contrast:- (though , although, however).

Or Extrmt pr Manner: (as…..so, so long as, etc).

The Use Of Certain Conjunctions

The use of certain conjunctions needs some explanation. And here it is.

(1) No Sooner..Than.:- “No sooner” is always followed by did; as,

1. No sooner did I reach the station than the train started.
2. No sooner did they enter the house than it fell down.

(2) Unless & Lest. :- “Unless” mans if not, and another “not,” therefore, is not required; as,

1. Unless you work ( = If you do not work ) hard, you cannot succed.
2. Unless you speak the truth ( =If you do not speak the truth), you cannot be forgive.

“Lest” mean so that not, and is always followed by “should”; as,

1. Work hard lest you should (= so that you should not) fail.
2. Run fast lest you should (= so that you should not) miss the train.

(3) Though..Yet & As if.:- “Though” may or may not be followed by “yet”; but it is never followed by “but” ; as,

1. hough she is poor, yet she is contented.
2. Though she is poor, she is contented.

“AS if” is followed by a verb in the subjunctive Mood;

1. she speaks English as if it were her mother-tongue.
2. His ten years old son sings as if he were a born singer.

(4) Scarcely:- It is followed by “when” ; as,

1. carcely had I left the house, when it began to rain.
2. Scarcely had the train stopped, when out compartment caught fire.

(5) Such ..as; A…so; As…as; So….that; Both….and & Whether…or. Not only….but also:- These are all correlatives and their use, as illustrated below, should be noted very carefully;-

1. I like such boys as are very healthy and strong.
2. As you sow, so shall you reap.
3. She is a as intelligent as she is industrious.
4. I am so tried that I cannot walk a step further.
5. He is both a fool and a knave.
6. I have to be there, whether I like it or not.
7. He is not only cunning but also dishonest.